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Dr. Benjamin Rush

Born 24 Dec 1745 in Byberry, Pennsylvania

Ancestors

Married man of Julia (Stockton) Rush — married 2 Jan 1776 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Descendants

Died 19 April 1813 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United states

Profile final modified 30 Nov 2021 | Created 4 Oct 2010

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Benjamin Rush participated in the American Revolution. Join: 1776 Project Discuss: 1776

Biography

Dr. Benjamin Rush was a Founding Father in the American Revolution.

Benjamin Rush

Note: needs to be paraphrased:

From Wikipedia, the complimentary encyclopedia

Born January 4, 1746 Byberry, Philadelphia County Died April 19, 1813 (aged 67) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Alma mater Princeton University University of Edinburgh Occupation Physician, writer, educator Known for Signer of the Us Declaration of Independence

Benjamin Blitz (January 4, 1746 [O.South. December 24, 1745] – April xix, 1813) was a Founding Male parent of the Us. Rush lived in the country of Pennsylvania and was a dr., writer, educator, humanitarian, besides as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Rush signed the Declaration of Independence and attended the Continental Congress. He served as Surgeon General in the Continental army, and was blamed for criticising George Washington. Subsequently in life, Rush became a professor of chemistry, medical theory, and clinical practise at the University of Pennsylvania. Blitz was a leader of the American Enlightenment, and an enthusiastic supporter of the American Revolution. He signed the Announcement of Independence, and was a leader in Pennsylvania's ratification of the Constitution in 1788. He was prominent in many reforms, especially in the areas of medicine and education. He opposed slavery, advocated free public schools, and sought improved education for women and a more aware penal system. Equally a leading dr., Rush had a major bear upon on the emerging medical profession. As an Enlightenment intellectual, he was committed to organizing all medical cognition around explanatory theories, rather than rely on empirical methods. Rush argued that illness was the consequence of imbalances in the body'southward physical organisation and was acquired by malfunctions in the brain. His approach prepared the way for later medical inquiry, but Blitz himself undertook none of it. He promoted public health by advocating clean surround and stressing the importance of personal and armed forces hygiene. His written report of mental disorder made him i of the founders of American psychiatry.

Early life and career

The birthplace of Benjamin Rush, photographed in 1959. Blitz was built-in to John Harvey Blitz and Susanna Hall on January 4, 1746 (December 24, 1745 O.S.). The family which included seven children lived on a plantation in the Township of Byberry in Philadelphia County, so about 14 mi outside Philadelphia (the township was incorporated into Philadelphia in 1854 and at present remains 1 of its neighborhoods). Rush'due south father died when he was five, leaving his female parent to intendance for the large family unit. At eight years of age, Benjamin was sent to live with an aunt and uncle, to receive a proper pedagogy. Benjamin and his older brother Jacob (b. 1738) attended a schoolhouse in Cecil County, Maryland, run by the Rev. Samuel Finley, which would afterward get Westward Nottingham University. In 1760, after further studies at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), Rush graduated with a bachelor of arts degree. From 1761 to 1766, Rush apprenticed nether Dr. John Redman in Philadelphia. Redman encouraged him to farther his studies at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, where Rush studied from 1766 to 1768 and earned a medical degree. Rush became fluent in French, Italian, and Spanish as a consequence of his studies and European tour. Returning to the Colonies in 1769 (age 24), Rush opened a medical practice in Philadelphia and became Professor of Chemical science at the Higher of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania). Rush ultimately published the first American textbook on chemistry, several volumes on medical student education, and wrote influential patriotic essays.

Revolutionary menses

Blitz was agile in the Sons of Liberty and was elected to attend the provincial briefing to send delegates to the Continental Congress. Thomas Paine consulted Rush when writing the greatly influential pro-independence pamphlet Common Sense. Rush represented Pennsylvania and signed the Annunciation of Independence. He besides represented Philadelphia at Pennsylvania's own Constitutional Convention, and got into problem when he criticized the new Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. While Blitz was representing Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (and serving on its Medical Committee), he too used his medical skills in the field. Rush accompanied the Philadelphia militia during the battles after which the British occupied Philadelphia and near of New Bailiwick of jersey and the Continental Congress fled to York, Pennsylvania. The Army Medical Service was in disarray, between the military casualties, extremely loftier losses due to typhoid, xanthous fever and other camp illnesses, political conflicts between Dr.John Morgan and Dr. William Shippen, Jr., and inadequate supplies and guidance from the Medical Committee. All the same, Rush accepted an appointment as surgeon-general of the middle department of the Continental Army. Dr. Rush's club "Directions for preserving the wellness of soldiers" became one of the foundations of preventative military machine medicine and was repeatedly republished, including as late every bit 1908. However, Rush's reporting of Dr. Shippen'southward misappropriation of food and wine supplies intended to comfort hospitalized soldiers, nether-reporting of patient deaths, and failure to visit the hospitals under his control, ultimately led to Rush'due south resignation in 1778.

Campaign against Full general Washington

Rush criticized General George Washington in ii handwritten but unsigned messages while still serving under the Surgeon General. One, to Virginia Governor Patrick Henry dated January 12, 1778, quoted General Thomas Conway proverb that if not for God's grace the ongoing war would have been lost by Washington and his weak counselors. Henry forwarded the alphabetic character to Washington, despite Rush's request that the criticism be conveyed orally, and Washington recognized the handwriting. At the time, the Conway Cabal was trying to replace Washington with Horatio Gates equally commander-in-chief. The alphabetic character besides relayed General Sullivan's criticism that forces directly nether Washington were undisciplined and mob-like, and contrasted Gates' army as "a well-regulated family". Ten days later on, Rush wrote John Adams relaying complaints within Washington's army, including almost "bad breadstuff, no order, universal disgust" and praising Conway, who had been appointed Inspector General. Shippen sought Blitz's resignation, and received it past the cease of the calendar month after Continental Congress delegate John Witherspoon, chairman of a committee to investigate Morgan's and Rush'due south charges of misappropriation and mismanagement against Shippen, told Blitz his complaints would not produce reform. Rush later expressed regret for his gossip against Washington. In a alphabetic character to John Adams in 1812, Rush wrote, "He [Washington] was the highly favored instrument whose patriotism and name contributed greatly to the establishment of the independence of the United States." Blitz as well successfully pleaded with Washington'southward biographers Estimate Bushrod Washington and Chief Justice John Marshall to delete his association with those stinging words. In his volume 1776, David McCullough quotes Rush, referring to George Washington: The Philadelphia physician and patriot Benjamin Rush, a staunch admirer, observed that Washington "has so much martial nobility in his deportment that you would distinguish him to be a general and a soldier from amidst ten,000 people. There is non a king in Europe that would not expect like a valet de chambre past his side."[commendation needed]

Mail Revolution

In 1783 he was appointed to the staff of Pennsylvania Hospital, of which he remained a member until his death. He was elected to the Pennsylvania convention which adopted the Federal constitution and was appointed treasurer of the U.Due south. Mint, serving from 1797-1813. He became Professor of medical theory and clinical practice at the Academy of Pennsylvania in 1791, though the quality of his medicine was quite archaic even for the time: he advocated bleeding (for near any illness) long after its exercise had declined. He became a social activist, an abolitionist, and was the most well-known doc in America at the time of his death. He was also founder of the private liberal arts higher Dickinson Higher, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In 1794, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish University of Sciences. Blitz was a founding member of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons (known today every bit the Pennsylvania Prison Society), which profoundly influenced the structure of Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia.

Corps of discovery

In 1803, Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis to Philadelphia to prepare for the Lewis and Clark Expedition nether the tutelage of Rush, who taught Lewis about borderland illnesses and the operation of bloodletting. Rush provided the corps with a medical kit that included: Turkish opium for nervousness emetics to induce vomiting medicinal vino 50 dozen of Dr. Rush's Bilious Pills, laxatives containing more than 50% mercury, which accept since colloquially been referred to as "thunderclappers". Their meat-rich diet and lack of make clean water during the expedition gave the men cause to apply them often. Though their efficacy is questionable, their high mercury content provided an splendid tracer by which archaeologists have been able to runway the corps' actual road to the Pacific.

Reforms

Anti-slavery

In 1766 when Blitz set out for his studies in Edinburgh, he was outraged by the sight of 100 slave ships in Liverpool harbor. As a prominent Presbyterian md and professor of chemistry in Philadelphia, he provided a assuming and respected voice confronting the slave trade that could not be ignored. He warmly praised the ministry building of "Black Harry" Hosier, the freedman excursion rider who accompanied Bishop John Asbury during the establishment of the Methodist Church in America, simply the highlight of his involvement was the pamphlet he wrote in 1773 entitled "An Address to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements in America, upon Slave-Keeping." In this starting time of his many attacks on the social evils of his day, he not only assailed the slave trade, but the entire institution of slavery. Dr. Blitz argued scientifically that Negroes were not by nature intellectually or morally inferior. Any apparent evidence to the opposite was only the perverted expression of slavery, which "is and so foreign to the human being mind, that the moral faculties, too as those of the understanding are debased, and rendered torpid by it." In 1792, Rush read a newspaper earlier the American Philosophical Society which argued that the "color" and "figure" of blacks were derived from a form of leprosy. He argued that with proper treatment, blacks could exist cured and become white. Despite his public condemnations of slavery, Dr. Blitz purchased a slave named William Grubber in 1776. To the consternation of many, Dr. Rush nevertheless endemic Grubber when he joined the Pennsylvania Abolition Social club in 1784.

Uppercase Punishment

Rush deemed public punishments such as putting a person on display in stocks, mutual at the time, to be counterproductive. He proposed instead private confinement, labor, solitude, and religious instruction for criminals. In add-on he opposed the death penalty. His outspoken opposition to capital punishment pushed the Pennsylvania legislature to abolish the death penalty for all crimes other than first-degree murder. He authored a 1792 treatise on punishing murder by death in which he fabricated three principle arguments:

I. Every man possesses an absolute ability over his own liberty and property, but non over his ain life...II. The penalization of murder by death, is contrary to reason, and to the guild and happiness of order...III. The penalization of murder by decease, is contrary to divine revelation. This 1792 treatise was preceded by comments on the efficacy of the death penalty that he self-references and which, manifestly, appeared in the 2d volume of the American Museum.

Condition of women

Afterward the Revolution, Rush proposed a new model of instruction for women that included English, vocal music, dancing, sciences, accounting, history, and moral philosophy. A utilitarian, Rush saw little need for preparation women in metaphysics, logic, mathematics, or advanced scientific discipline. He wanted the emphasis on guiding women toward moral essays, poetry, history, and religious writings because women were especially needed and useful in uplifting America's morals and manners. Rush also promoted what is now called Republican maternity by instructing the young in the obligations of patriotism, the blessings of freedom and the true pregnant of Republicanism. He opposed coeducational classrooms and insisted on the need to instruct all youth in the Christian organized religion.

Contributions to medicine

Although anatomy was well understood by Rush's time, the causes of disease remained elusive. Doctors therefore relied on various unscientific treatments. Although Rush continued these practices, he besides actively sought new explanations and new approaches to treatment, some of which remain influential, and others of which seem incredible today. The tertiary edition of Rush's Observations, a four-volume compilation published in 1812, calling for humane treatment of the mentally sick is available digitally here.

Concrete medicine

Dr. Benjamin Rush painted past Charles Willson Peale, 1783 Dr. Rush firmly believed in haemorrhage patients (a practice now known to exist generally harmful), as well as purges using calomel and other toxic substances. In his report on the Philadelphia Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, Blitz wrote: "I have found bleeding to exist useful, not only in cases where the pulse was full and quick, but where it was slow and tense. I have bled twice in many, and in one acute case 4 times, with the happiest effect. I consider intrepidity in the use of the lancet, now, to be necessary, as it is in the use of mercury and jalap, in this insidious and ferocious affliction." During that epidemic, Rush gained acclamation for remaining in town and treating sometimes 100 patients per day (some through free black volunteers coordinated past Richard Allen), but many died. Even Blitz acknowledged the failure of two treatments, sweats in vinegar-wrapped blankets accompanied by mercury rubs, and cold baths. William Cobbett vociferously objected to Rush's extreme utilise of bloodletting, and even in Rush'southward day and location, many doctors had abased on scientific grounds this favorite remedy of Rush'southward quondam teachers Thomas Sydenham and Hermann Boerhaave. Cobbett accused Blitz of killing more patients than he had saved. Rush ultimately sued Cobbett for libel, winning a judgment of $5000 and $3000 in court costs, which was just partially paid earlier Cobbett returned to England. Yet, Dr. Rush's practice waned equally he continued to advocate bloodletting and purges, much to the chagrin of his friend Thomas Jefferson. Some even blamed Rush'south bleeding for hastening the death of Benjamin Franklin, equally well as George Washington (although the but ane of Washington's doctors who opposed the haemorrhage was Rush's quondam student), and Rush insisted upon existence bled himself soon before his death (every bit he had during the yellow fever epidemic two decades earlier). Rush also wrote the first case report on dengue fever (published in 1789 on a case from 1780). However, his greatest contributions to physical medicine now announced to have been his institution of a public clinic for depression income patients, and public works associated with draining and rerouting Dock Creek (eliminating musquito breeding grounds, which greatly decreased typhus, typhoid and cholera outbreaks). Some other of Blitz'southward medical views that now draws criticism is his assay of race. In reviewing the case of Henry Moss, a slave who lost his dark pare color (probably through vitiligo), Rush characterized being blackness every bit a hereditary and curable peel disease (called "negroidism"). Blitz wrote that "Whites should not tyrannize over [blacks], for their disease should entitle them to a double portion of humanity. Withal, by the aforementioned token, whites should not intermarry with them, for this would tend to infect posterity with the 'disorder'... attempts must be made to cure the disease." Benjamin Rush was interested in Native American wellness. He wanted to find out why Native Americans where vary susceptible to certain illnesses and whatever they suffered from higher motherhood rates as compared to civilized people. Other Questions that he raised was whether or non they dreamt more or if their hair turd gray as they got older. His fascination with these people came from his involvement of the theory that social scientists can better study the history of there own civilization by studying these "primitive men". In his Autobiography he writes "From a review of the 3 different species of settlers, information technology appears that at that place are certain regular stages which mark the progress from the barbarous to civilized life. The offset settler is almost related to an Indian in his manners. In the second, the Indian manners are more diluted. It is in the third species only that we behold civilization completed. Information technology is to the third species of settlers only that it is proper to employ the term of farmers. While we record the vices of the first and 2d settlers, information technology is but but to mention their virtues likewise. Their mutual wants produce mutual dependence; hence they are kind and friendly to each other. Their alone situation makes visitors agreeable to them; hence they are hospitable to stranger."

Mental health

"The Moral Thermometer." from Benjamin Rush's An Enquiry into the Effects of Spirituous Liquors on the Human Body and the Mind. Boston: Thomas and Andrews, 1790 (Library Company of Philadelphia)

Male parent of American Psychiatry

Rush is considered the "Father of American Psychiatry", publishing the showtime textbook on the subject in the United States, Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind (1812). He undertook to allocate dissimilar forms of mental illness and to conjecture equally to their causes and possible cures. Rush believed (incorrectly) that many mental illnesses were caused by disruptions of the claret circulation, or by sensory overload, and treated them with devices meant to improve circulation to the brain such as a centrifugal spinning board, and inactivity/sensory deprivation via a restraining chair with a sensory-deprivation caput enclosure ("Tranquilizer Chair"). Subsequently seeing mental patients in appalling conditions in the Pennsylvania Hospital, Rush led a successful campaign in 1792 for the land to build a separate mental ward where the patients could be kept in more than humane conditions. Blitz believed, as did so many physicians of the time, that haemorrhage and active purging with calomel, a mercury compound, was the preferable medical treatment for insanity, a fact evidenced by his argument that, "It is sometimes difficult to prevail upon patients in this country of madness, or even to hogtie them, to take mercury in any of the ways in which information technology is unremarkably administered. In these cases I have succeeded, by sprinkling a few grains of calomel daily upon a slice of staff of life, and later spreading over it, a thin covering of butter." While Dr Rush followed the standard procedures of bleeding and treatment with mercury, he did not believe that "coercion" and "restraint", the physical punishment, bondage and dungeons, which were the practice of the time, were the answer. He took patients from that drudgery and placed them in a "normal" hospital setting.[commendation needed] This lonely resulted in a number of patients recovering sufficiently to return to lodge.[commendation needed] For this reason his approach is officially referred to as the Moral Therapy. Rush is sometimes considered a pioneer of occupational therapy especially as information technology pertains to the institutionalized. In Diseases of the Heed (1812), Rush wrote: "It has been remarked, that the maniacs of the male sex activity in all hospitals, who assist in cutting wood, making fires, and digging in a garden, and the females who are employed in washing, ironing, and scrubbing floors, often recover, while persons, whose rank exempts them from performing such services, languish away their lives within the walls of the hospital". Furthermore, Rush was one of the first people to depict Savant Syndrome. In 1789 he described the abilities of Thomas Fuller, a lightning calculator. His ascertainment would later exist described in other individuals by notable scientists like John Langdon Downward. Rush pioneered the therapeutic arroyo to habit. Prior to his work, drunkenness was viewed as being sinful and a thing of choice. Rush believed that the alcoholic loses control over himself and identified the properties of alcohol, rather than the alcoholic's choice, equally the causal agent. He adult the formulation of alcoholism as a form of medical disease and proposed that alcoholics should be weaned from their habit via less potent substances. In honor of his service to mental wellness, the American Psychiatric Clan uses Dr. Blitz's image as role of their seal.

Educational Legacy

During his career, he educated over 3000 medical students, and several of these established Rush Medical Higher (Chicago) in his honor subsequently his decease. I of his last apprentices was Samuel A. Cartwright, later a Amalgamated States of America surgeon charged with improving sanitary weather in the camps effectually Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Port Hudson, Louisiana.[commendation needed] Rush Academy Medical Heart in Chicago, formerly Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke'due south Medical Center, was named in his honor.

He founded Dickinson College.

Religious views and vision

Rush advocated Christianity in public life and in education, and sometimes compared himself to the prophet Jeremiah. Dr. Blitz regularly attended Christ Church, Philadelphia in Philadelphia and counted William White amongst his closest friends (and neighbors). Ever the controversialist, Rush became involved in internal disputes over the revised Book of Common Prayer and the splitting of the Episcopal Church from the Church of England, likewise as dabbled with Presbyterianism, Methodism (which divide from Anglicanism in those years), and Unitarianism. In a letter to John Adams, Rush described his religious views as "a compound of the orthodoxy and heterodoxy of most of our Christian churches." Christian Universalists consider him one of their founders, although Dr. Rush stopped attending that church building after the death of his friend, former Baptist pastor Elhanan Winchester in 1797. Blitz fought for temperance, and both public and Sunday schools. He helped found the Bible Guild at Philadelphia (now known as the Pennsylvania Bible Social club), and promoted the American Dominicus School Union. When many public schools stopped using the Bible equally a textbook, Rush proposed that the U.S. government require such use, as well as furnish an American bible to every family unit at public expense. In 1806 Blitz also proposed inscribing "The Son of Man Came into the World, Non To Destroy Men'southward Lives, Only To Save Them." above the doors of courthouses and other public buildings. Earlier, on July xvi, 1776, Rush had complained to Virginia's Patrick Henry about a provision in that state's constitution of 1776 which forbad clergymen from serving in the legislature. Rush felt that the U.s.a. was the work of God: "I do non believe that the Constitution was the offspring of inspiration, but I am equally perfectly satisfied that the Union of the Usa in its form and adoption is as much the work of a Divine Providence as any of the miracles recorded in the Former and New Testament". In 1798, after the Constitution'due south adoption, Rush declared: "The simply foundation for a useful education in a republic is to exist laid in Religion. Without this in that location can be no virtue, and without virtue there can be no liberty, and liberty is the object and life of all republican governments." There is no evidence that he ever claimed, "Unless we put medical freedom into the constitution the time will come when medicine will organize into an undercover dictatorship and force people who wish doctors and treatment of their own choice to submit to only what the dictating outfit offers." This artificial quote has terms like "hush-hush," "outfit" and "dictatorship" that according to the Oxford English language Dictionary were not used this way during his lifetime. Before 1779, Blitz'south religious views were influenced by what he described every bit "Fletcher's controversy with the Calvinists in favor of the Universality of the atonement." After hearing Elhanan Winchester preach, Rush indicated that this theology "embraced and reconciled my ancient calvinistical, and my newly adopted (Arminian) principles. From that time on I accept never doubted upon the subject of the conservancy of all men." To simplify, both believed in punishment subsequently decease for the wicked. His wife, Julia Rush, thought her husband like Martin Luther for his ardent passions, fearless attacks on old prejudices, and quick tongue confronting perceived enemies. Blitz also helped Richard Allen establish the African Methodist Episcopal Church building. In his autobiography, Allen wrote: "...Past this time we had waited on Dr. Rush and Mr. Robert Ralston, and told them of our sorry situation. We considered information technology a approving that the Lord had put it into our hearts to look upon... those gentle-men. They pitied our situation, and subscribed largely towards the church building, and were very friendly towards us and advised us how to go on. Nosotros appointed Mr. Ralston our treasurer. Dr. Rush did much for us in public by his influence. I promise the name of Dr. Benjamin Rush and Mr. Robert Ralston volition never be forgotten among united states of america. They were the ii starting time gentlemen who espoused the cause of the oppressed and aided us in building the house of the Lord for the poor Africans to worship in. Here was the beginning and ascension of the outset African church building in America."

Family

Benjamin Rush was a remote relative of William Penn (1644-1718) who established Pennsylvania. Before the Revolutionary state of war, Rush was engaged to Sarah Eve, daughter of prominent Philadelphian, Captain Oswell Eve, Sr. She died before their scheduled hymeneals. On Jan xi, 1776, Blitz married Julia Stockton (1759–1848), daughter of Richard Stockton, another signer of the Declaration of Independence, and his married woman Annis Boudinot Stockton. They had 13 children, nine of whom survived their first year: John, Ann Emily, Richard, Susannah (died equally an infant), Elizabeth Graeme (died as an baby), Mary B, James, William (died as an infant), Benjamin (died as an baby), Benjamin, Julia, Samuel, William. Rush's eldest son John vicious into depression equally a result of experiences during his tour of duty in the United States Navy. When he returned home unable to care for himself, Rush placed him in the mental ward at the Pennsylvania Infirmary, where he died xxx years later without having recovered. Rush in 1812, helped reconcile the friendship of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams by encouraging the two former Presidents to resume writing to each other.

Dr. Blitz was a prominent md in Philadelphia. During the Xanthous Fever Epidemic of 1793, he got ill simply recovered. His methods for curing the fever were to drain patients to rid them of the bad blood, merely today we know those patients who survived did then in spite of his handling methods. (Fever 1793 past Laurie Halse Anderson)

Writings

Letters of Benjamin Rush, volume 1: 1761-1792 (1951), editor Fifty.H. Butterfield, Princeton University Press Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical (1798) Philadelphia: Thomas & Samuel F. Bradford, 1989 reprint: Syracuse University Press, ISBN 0-912756-22-5, includes "A Plan of a Peace-Office for the United States" The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush: His "Travels Through Life" Together with his Commonplace Book for 1789-1813, 1970 reprint: Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-8371-3037-9 Medical Inquiries And Observations Upon The Diseases Of The Mind, 2006 reprint: Kessinger Publishing, ISBN ane-4286-2669-7. Free digital copies of original published in 1812 at

http://deila.dickinson.edu/theirownwords/title/0034. or

http://collections.nlm.nih.gov/muradora/objectView.activity?pid=nlm:nlmuid-2569036R-bk

The Spur of Fame: Dialogues of John Adams and Benjamin Rush, 1805-1813 (2001), Liberty Fund, ISBN 0-86597-287-7 Benjamin Blitz, Thou.D: A Bibliographic Guide (1996), Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-29823-8 An Accost to the Inhabitants of the British Settlements in America, Upon Slave-keeping. Philadelphia: Printed by J. Dunlap, 1773.

Cached

After dying of typhus fever, he was cached (in Section N67) along with his married woman Julia in the Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia, non far from where Benjamin Franklin is cached. At the site, a small plaque honoring Benjamin Rush has been placed. Notwithstanding, the box marker is next to the plaque on the right, with inscriptions on the top. The inscription reads, "In memory of Benjamin Rush MD he died on the 19th of Apr in the year of our Lord 1813 Aged 68 years Well done skillful and faithful servant enter one thousand into the joy of the Lord" Mrs Julia Rush wife of Benjamin Rush MD Built-in March 2, 1759 Died July seven, 1848"

Legacy

• Rush County, Indiana is named in his honor.

Sources

• Wikipedia
• Penn Biographies
• Announcement signers
• Observe A Grave: Memorial #915
• https://services.dar.org/Public/DAR_Research/search_adb/?action=full&p_id=A100015
• Friend, Stephen. Blitz: Revolution, Madness, and Benjamin Rush, the Visionary Physician Who Became a Founding Father. (New York: Crown, 2018) link
• The Connecticut Evangelical Magazine and Religious Intelligencer (Gleason, Hartford, Conn., 1813) Vol. 6, Page 200

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